The U.S. Bureau of Economic Activity is responsible to measure Gross Domestic Product. This is an amazing site, especially if you have got a thing for statistics.
This primer on GDP, published by the International Monetary Fund, is written for 12+ readers, but it is concise and informative.
Here is a table that shows cumulative GDP from from 1970 to 2010 in both CURRENT and REAL (Chain-adjusted to 2005) terms. Examine this to get a better understanding for the various components of GDP.
In 1995, the BEA began using the chain-weighting method to derive Real GDP. Essentially, this method involves making two calculations for the value of GDP in a given year, using both the current year and the previous year as bases. This method relies more heavily on current price information, and uses each and every year as a base year by pairing together consecutive years to derive a more accurate value of Real GDP for the current year. If you are interested in knowing more, here is an explanatory article.
Here is a 2008 article concerning the challenges of, and some alternatives to, Gross Domestic Product as a measurement of national wealth.
Here is a comprehensive article on GDP, including its history, nature, flaws and alternatives, from the Council on Foreign relations.
"What is GDP and Why is it So Important" is a brief, somewhat technical article from Investopedia.com.
Here is a short, four-question quiz on GDP given by the Boston Federal reserve Bank. I love to borrow experts' quiz questions for unit final exams!
Visual Learners! Here is a great video on the basics, produced by Slate V. Unfortunately, you will be unable to view it at school, as it U-tube is blocked.
Visual Learners! Here is a U-tube video on GDP (Expenditure Approach) produced outside of the United States, thus reflecting the global nature of trade and wealth. You will enjoy it! You may not be able to view it at school due to the U-Tube block.
Audio Learners! Here is an excellent podcast from the Cato Institute on the nature and disadvantages of GDP!